Key to Mucus Modification

During an asthma attack, too much mucus in the airways makes breathing difficult. Recent research may point the way toward preventing the overproduction of mucus.

A Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis study recently examined the connection between the CLCA1 and TMEM16A and airway-based disease. While knowledge of these isn't new, what is novel is understanding how these proteins interact with the body. This information could uncover new ways to treat airway diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

An overabundance of CLCA1 proteins correlates with mucus production, but the researchers didn't know precisely how. They also knew that excess TMEM16A, a cellular channel, played a role in mucus's overdevelopment, but its mechanism was unclear. The team found that increasing the number of CLCA1 proteins in airway cells caused an uptick in TMEM16A proteins in neighboring cells. Researchers postulated that CLCA1 lengthens the stay of the cellular portals on the surface of the cells, allowing charged particles that contribute to mucus formation.

What do the researchers' findings mean for individuals with airway conditions? As scientists continue experimenting with manipulating the numbers of CLCA1 and TMEM16A in airway cells and the effects on the movement of particles in and out of the cells, they may uncover the key to controlling mucus production.

Eventually, physicians may be able to "turn off" asthma patients' mucus-making mechanisms. Even cancer and heart disease patients could benefit from a better understanding of CLCA and TMEM16 molecules' interactions—the proteins may contribute to these diseases.

Until we know more, these tips can help keep an asthma flare-up from ruining your day:

• Beware of seasonal triggers. Certain cherished summer activities, including swimming and camping, can put individuals with asthma at risk for attacks. The smell of chlorine, for example, can trigger an asthma incident; be sure the pool isn't too pungent before diving in. Don't sit in the path of smoke from an outdoor fire or candle, which can also set asthma off.
• Check the climate. Are you headed to a humid locale? Check the weather ahead of time and plan your trip activities around muggy periods, as such conditions can aggravate asthma.
• Make a list—and check it twice. You don't want to be caught on the road or on a plane without asthma treatment. Before you zip your bag, check for necessary items, such as medications and a peak flow meter.
• Stick to the plan. Even though your daily routine may be different, summer is no time to deviate from the main components of your asthma action plan: knowing and avoiding your triggers and taking your medications as prescribed. Falling out of your medication regimen now could lead to asthma attacks in the months ahead.

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